{"id":8668,"date":"2025-08-10T13:06:06","date_gmt":"2025-08-10T10:06:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/?p=8668"},"modified":"2025-08-11T00:47:59","modified_gmt":"2025-08-10T21:47:59","slug":"kadinlarin-gizli-komitesi-afgan-karsiti-irkciliga-karsi-feminist-direnisin-gerekliligi-uzerine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/2025\/08\/10\/kadinlarin-gizli-komitesi-afgan-karsiti-irkciliga-karsi-feminist-direnisin-gerekliligi-uzerine\/","title":{"rendered":"Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n Gizli Komitesi: Afgan Kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa Kar\u015f\u0131 Feminist Direni\u015fin Gereklili\u011fi \u00dczerine"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0130srail\u2019in \u0130ran\u2019a y\u00f6nelik askeri sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, Afgan kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ele\u015ftiren bir metin kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Bu metin, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 feminist bir m\u00fccadelenin aciliyetini vurgulama \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131, ancak \u0130srail\u2019in \u0130ran\u2019a y\u00f6nelik askeri sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ola\u011fan d\u0131\u015f\u0131\u00a0 ko\u015fullar nedeniyle bu metnin yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131n\u0131 erteledik.\u00a0 Ataerki ve kapitalizmle su\u00e7 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde olan bu \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, Afgan g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin seslerini, haklar\u0131n\u0131 gasp etti, onlar\u0131 sessiz ve haks\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f insanlar h\u00e2line getirdi. Fakat ayr\u0131ca, toplumsal yeniden \u00fcretim krizini daha da derinle\u015ftirdi. \u015eimdi ise korktu\u011fumuz felaket, sava\u015f\u0131n etkisiyle h\u0131zla g\u00f6zlerimizin \u00f6n\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor ve karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6yle yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda ki art\u0131k kimse g\u00f6rmezden gelemez.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn, \u0130srail ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nin \u0130ran\u2019a y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k yeni boyutlar kazanm\u0131\u015f durumda. \u0130ran \u0130slam Cumhuriyeti; yabanc\u0131 m\u00fcdahaleyle y\u00fczle\u015fmek ve halk\u0131n\u0131 savunmak yerine, bask\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6fkesini artt\u0131rarak bu \u00f6fkeyi en d\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015f gruplara y\u00f6neltiyor. Emekleri, bedenleri ve zorla dayat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f sessizliklerinden ba\u015fka ne silahlar\u0131 ne de m\u00fclkleri olan Afgan g\u00f6\u00e7menler ise, otoriteyi ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar \u00fczerindeki denetimi sergilemek i\u00e7in ideal hedefler olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eimdi ise g\u00fcvenlik, ordu ve devletin \u00fcst kademelerine kadar s\u0131zmay\u0131 engelleyemeyen, hatta en \u00fcst d\u00fczey asker\u00ee komutanlar\u0131n\u0131n ev adreslerini \u0130srail rejimine kadar ula\u015ft\u0131ran \u0130ran \u0130slam Cumhuriyeti; Afgan g\u00f6\u00e7menleri birer d\u00fc\u015fman ajan\u0131 olarak lanse ediyor. Son aylarda artan Afgan kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 nefret ortam\u0131nda, bu insanlar art\u0131k sokaklarda dahi g\u00fcvenli bi\u00e7imde y\u00fcr\u00fcme imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahip de\u011filler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Casusluk gibi dayanaks\u0131z bir bahaneyle g\u00f6\u00e7menlere y\u00f6nelik nefretin t\u0131rmand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, sava\u015f sonras\u0131 \u015fekillenen yeni ba\u011flamda \u0130ran \u0130slam Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin i\u015fine olduk\u00e7a yar\u0131yor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Bu durum, Afgan g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin kriminalize edilmesine ve ekonomik \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn g\u00fcnah ke\u00e7isi olarak hedef g\u00f6sterilmelerine y\u00f6nelik politikan\u0131n bir devam\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk bak\u0131\u015fta, basitle\u015ftirmek ad\u0131na, \u015f\u00f6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir: Afganlara uygulanan \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k yaln\u0131zca psikolojik ya da k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir tepkidir. Oysa bu \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, kendini \u201c\u00f6tekileri\u201d bask\u0131layarak var eden bir rejimin hayatta kalma siyasetiyle i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ti\u011fini g\u00f6rmek zorunday\u0131z. Bu kez bu bask\u0131, uzun s\u00fcren ve kayg\u0131 verici bir sessizlik ortam\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor; milliyet\u00e7i ve vatansever duygular ise onun yay\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in verimli bir zemin sunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha \u00f6nce kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir metinde, Afganlara y\u00f6nelik \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla m\u00fccadelenin feminist bir eylem oldu\u011funu ifade etmi\u015ftik; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bizim feminizmimiz s\u0131n\u0131r tan\u0131maz ve ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki sessizli\u011fi \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla su\u00e7 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Ancak bug\u00fcn, sava\u015f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan yo\u011funla\u015fan \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda art\u0131k yaln\u0131zca \u201cayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k\u201d ya da \u201c\u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k\u201dtan s\u00f6z etmek yeterli de\u011fil. Bug\u00fcn \u0130ran\u2019da Afgan g\u00f6\u00e7menlere y\u00f6nelik ya\u015fananlar\u0131 teredd\u00fcts\u00fcz bir \u015fekilde fa\u015fizm olarak adland\u0131rabiliriz. Bunu durumu dramatize etmek ya da s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc etiket gibi kullanmak i\u00e7in de\u011fil, kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fumuz karma\u015fay\u0131 do\u011fru anlamak ve uygun direni\u015f y\u00f6ntemlerini belirleyebilmek i\u00e7in yap\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn, y\u0131llar boyunca elleri bo\u015f ama inatla kendilerine bir ya\u015fam kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan insanlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesiyle tezah\u00fcr eden bu zul\u00fcm; bar\u0131\u015f ve ilerleme ad\u0131na verilen i\u00e7i bo\u015f vaatlerle birlikte sunuluyor. Oysa tarihten \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimiz en temel ders \u015fudur: Adalet, bar\u0131\u015f ve ger\u00e7ek bir ilerleme; milliyet\u00e7ilikten ve yabanc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, hele ki bunlar ezilenlere kar\u015f\u0131 en ataerkil bi\u00e7imlerde uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, asla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sava\u015f \u00f6ncesinde kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu metni \u015fimdi yay\u0131ml\u0131yoruz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc toplu s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n ve yeniden kurulan toplama kamplar\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 deh\u015fet kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda art\u0131k \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 bir ger\u00e7ekle y\u00fcz y\u00fczeyiz. Yaln\u0131zca devletin ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin sertle\u015fen yap\u0131s\u0131yla de\u011fil, toplumun i\u00e7inden g\u00fc\u00e7 alan fa\u015fist bir d\u00fczenle de kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

***<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ran\u2019daki Afgan d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ne yeni bir olgudur ne de yaln\u0131zca toplumsal bir tepkiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k; \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 yap\u0131lar, neoliberal ekonomi, devlet medyas\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenlik politikalar\u0131n\u0131n deste\u011fiyle sistematik bir \u015fekilde\u00a0 yeniden \u00fcretilen bir projenin sonucudur. \u00dcstelik bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, belirgin bi\u00e7imde toplumsal cinsiyetle ve s\u0131n\u0131fla \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6\u00e7menlerin bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda tutulmas\u0131, 1979 Devrimi\u2019nden \u00e7ok \u00f6ncesine uzanarak bug\u00fcne dek ini\u015fli \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6zlerimizin \u00f6n\u00fcnde s\u00fcrmektedir. Irak Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n \u201cyeniden in\u015fa\u201d olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemin yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131; g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin emekleri s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmeden imkans\u0131zd\u0131.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zaman zaman kad\u0131n ya da \u00e7ocuk haklar\u0131na odaklanan baz\u0131 aktivistler, e\u011fitim hakk\u0131 veya \u0130ranl\u0131 annelerden do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklara vatanda\u015fl\u0131k hakk\u0131 gibi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ve k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde kalan baz\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kazan\u0131mlar elde etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak bu haklar ya hi\u00e7bir zaman tam anlam\u0131yla hayata ge\u00e7irilmedi ya da yasal ve politik engellerle h\u0131zla etkisizle\u015ftirildi. Gen\u00e7 Afgan erkeklerin Suriye sava\u015f\u0131nda fiilen zorla askere al\u0131nmas\u0131 ya da i\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin ucuza ve haklardan yoksun olarak s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gibi baz\u0131 \u00f6rneklerde ise h\u00fck\u00fcmet ge\u00e7ici olarak bask\u0131y\u0131 hafifletti, s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 ve do\u011frudan bask\u0131y\u0131 erteledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak son y\u0131llarda, \u00f6zellikle Taliban\u2019\u0131n Afganistan\u2019da yeniden g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanmas\u0131yla birlikte, Afgan yurtta\u015flar\u0131n kom\u015fu \u00fclkelere do\u011fru yeni bir zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 (ya da ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f) dalgas\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu durum, yeni bi\u00e7imlerde yabanc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve yap\u0131sal \u015fiddeti k\u00f6r\u00fckledi ve bizleri, derin bir utan\u00e7 duygusuna ra\u011fmen, bu insani felaket hakk\u0131nda sesimizi y\u00fckseltmeye zorlad\u0131. Ger\u00e7ekte ise, \u0130ran \u0130slam Cumhuriyeti tarihi boyunca a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde sergilenen Afgan kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6zellikle son d\u00f6nemlerdeki dalgas\u0131yla birlikte, y\u00f6neten rejimle toplumu birle\u015ftiren nadir ortak zeminlerden biri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ran\u2019da \u015fu anda \u201cAfganlar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda ya\u015fananlar, kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fumuz k\u00fcresel durumun ve her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha da pervas\u0131zla\u015fan \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. Ana ak\u0131m medyan\u0131n sessizli\u011fi ve hem \u0130ran \u0130slam Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin hem de muhalefetin su\u00e7 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fli\u011finde geli\u015fen bu vah\u015fet, mant\u0131ken bir \u201culusal utan\u00e7\u201d hissi yaratmal\u0131 ve toplumu kendine getirmeliydi. Ancak paradoksal bir \u015fekilde, bu durum utan\u00e7 duygusunu tetiklemek bir yana dursun, bu kez \u201cAfganlar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edin, bu ulusal bir taleptir\u201d slogan\u0131, halk\u0131n sesiyle iktidar\u0131n i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6ylesine i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir ki, art\u0131k birbirlerinden ay\u0131rt edilemez durumdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biz ise meseleyi feminist bir perspektiften ele almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda hem \u0131rka dayal\u0131 hem de toplumsal cinsiyetle bi\u00e7imlendirilmi\u015f insanlar var: Yaln\u0131zca yurtta\u015fl\u0131k haklar\u0131ndan de\u011fil, kamusal alanda var olma hakk\u0131ndan dahi mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f insanlar\u2026 E\u011fer feminizm yap\u0131sal bask\u0131yla y\u00fczle\u015fecekse, i\u015fte  tam da buras\u0131 ve tam da bu an, sessiz kalman\u0131n art\u0131k bir se\u00e7enek olamayaca\u011f\u0131 yerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir s\u00fcredir, Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n Gizli Komitesi<\/strong> olarak, Tahran\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki mahallelerden birinde ya\u015fayan Afgan kad\u0131nlarla dostane bir ba\u011f kurmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131k ve bu ili\u015fkileri derinle\u015ftirmek \u00fczerine fikirler geli\u015ftirdik. Mahalleye ilk gidi\u015flerimizde, s\u0131k s\u0131k \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir parka u\u011frard\u0131k. Parktaki oyuncaklar k\u0131r\u0131k ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131, pasl\u0131 demirlerin g\u0131c\u0131rt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n seslerine kar\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Park\u0131n bir k\u00f6\u015fesinde, gen\u00e7 erkekler sigara ve ot i\u00e7iyordu. Park\u0131n tam ortas\u0131nda ise, kimisi evlilik yoluyla, kimisi kan ba\u011f\u0131ndan akraba olan kad\u0131nlar birlikte oturmu\u015f sohbet ediyordu. Bu kad\u0131nlar, ev i\u015flerini tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra neredeyse her g\u00fcn burada bir araya gelip e\u015fleriyle olan ili\u015fkilerinden, ev i\u00e7i ve ekonomik zorluklardan, bizzat maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131 ya da tan\u0131k olduklar\u0131 \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ediyordu. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan g\u00f6\u00e7men bir kad\u0131n i\u00e7in \u201cbo\u015f zaman\u201d, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman park gibi \u00fccretsiz ve ula\u015f\u0131labilir kamusal alanlardaki k\u0131sa bulu\u015fmalarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu alanlar h\u00e2l\u00e2 erkek aile \u00fcyelerinin\u00a0 g\u00f6zetimi alt\u0131nda olsa da kad\u0131nlar burada kendilerine ait bir alan yaratmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parktan sonra yeniden eve, i\u015fe ve t\u00fcm a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kad\u0131n\u0131n omuzlar\u0131na y\u00fcklenmi\u015f bir y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine d\u00f6n\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 \u015fey \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Yaz aylar\u0131nda, evde oyuncaklar\u0131,  oyun imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 ve e\u011fitim materyalleri olmayan \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in park, tek e\u011flence alan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde ya da mesai sonras\u0131nda solu\u011fu bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131k alanda alan \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7ilerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2024 yaz\u0131nda, hem \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i mecralarda hem de sokakta yo\u011funla\u015fan Afgan kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 kampanyalar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda ayn\u0131 mahalleye geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde, parkta ne kad\u0131nlar ne de \u00e7ocuklar vard\u0131. Park\u0131n bir k\u00f6\u015fesinde bir grup gen\u00e7 erkek birlikte oturmu\u015f sigara i\u00e7iyordu. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n oyunlar\u0131, o canl\u0131 atmosfer ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n, annelerin bir araya geldi\u011fi bulu\u015fmalar art\u0131k yoktu. Peki, ne ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biraz ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131nca hik\u00e2yeyi \u00f6\u011frendik. Bu ziyaretimiz, Tahran\u2019\u0131n 15. b\u00f6lgesinde g\u00f6\u00e7menlere y\u00f6nelik ba\u015flayan ve kentin di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerine de yay\u0131lan \u015fiddet dalgas\u0131yla ayn\u0131 d\u00f6neme denk gelmi\u015fti. G\u00f6\u00e7menlere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i mecralarda patlak veren o dizginsiz vah\u015fet, art\u0131k toplumsal alanlarda \u00e7ok daha \u00e7\u0131plak bir \u015fekilde kendini g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha \u00f6nce tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kad\u0131nlar\u0131 nihayet buldu\u011fumuzda, onlar\u0131n ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k mahallede \u00f6zg\u00fcrce dola\u015facak kadar kendilerini g\u00fcvende hissetmediklerini ve giderek evlerine kapanmak zorunda kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendik. Park, mahalle ve \u015fehir onlar i\u00e7in birer korku mek\u00e2n\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Kad\u0131nlardan biri bize \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: \u201cArt\u0131k neredeyse hi\u00e7 evden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131yorum, bir yere gideceksem de ya kocamla ya da o\u011flumla gidiyorum.\u201d Daha \u00f6nce ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc ve manto giyen bu kad\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131yafeti siyah \u00e7adora1<\/a><\/sup> d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 12 ve 15 ya\u015flar\u0131ndaki k\u0131zlar\u0131 da art\u0131k eskisi gibi d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kam\u0131yordu. Zaten \u00f6rg\u00fcn e\u011fitime eri\u015fimi engellenmi\u015f olan 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki k\u0131z, daha \u00f6nce bir \u00e7ocuk haklar\u0131 kurulu\u015funun d\u00fczenledi\u011fi dil kursuna gidiyordu, ancak bir s\u00fcredir evden d\u0131\u015far\u0131 ad\u0131m atmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu \u015fekilde; devlet g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle muhalefet unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n ortakla\u015fa k\u00f6r\u00fckledi\u011fi bu \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar, Afgan kad\u0131nlar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca etnik kimlikleriyle de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda kad\u0131n olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in de hedef ald\u0131. Di\u011fer mahallelerde insanlar \u201cJina \u0130syan\u0131\u201dn\u0131n kad\u0131nlar\u0131n giyinme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dair kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 kutlarken, Afgan kad\u0131nlar g\u00fcvenlik kayg\u0131s\u0131yla evlerine \u00e7ekilmek ve daha kat\u0131 \u00f6rt\u00fcnme bi\u00e7imlerine y\u00f6nelmek zorunda kald\u0131. Ancak bu geri \u00e7ekilmenin kimse fark\u0131nda de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O d\u00f6nemde, Afganlar\u0131n g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda aile bireylerinin birbirinden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131n h\u00e2le geldi\u011fini fark ettik. Genellikle ailelerinin ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flayan erkekler, s\u00fcrekli olarak g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nma ve ard\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilme tehdidiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131yor. Bak\u0131ma ihtiya\u00e7 duyan en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck aile bireyleri bile bu \u015fiddetten muaf de\u011fil. Pek \u00e7ok durumda, Afgan g\u00f6\u00e7menler, haklar\u0131 tan\u0131nmayan ve sorumlulu\u011fu hi\u00e7bir yap\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmeyen bireyler olarak \u00e7e\u015fitli yap\u0131larla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yor. B\u00f6yle bir durumda ise, hayatta kalmak i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenilebilecek tek destek kayna\u011f\u0131 ailenin kendisi oluyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu aileler, devletten ya da herhangi bir sosyal kurumdan destek alamad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in; bak\u0131m, \u00e7ocuk yeti\u015ftirme, ya\u015fl\u0131 ve hasta bak\u0131m\u0131 ile duygusal ve psikolojik destek gibi t\u00fcm sorumluluklar\u0131 tek ba\u015flar\u0131na \u00fcstleniyor. Ancak geriye kalan son yap\u0131, yani aile kurumu bile do\u011frudan devlet politikalar\u0131n\u0131n hedefi h\u00e2line geliyor. Uygulamada bu politikalar, yaln\u0131zca bireylerin fiziksel olarak yerinden edilmesine yol a\u00e7makla kalm\u0131yor; ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00fcndelik hayatta ya\u015fam\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan bak\u0131m ili\u015fkilerinin ve sosyal a\u011flar\u0131n da \u00e7\u00f6kmesine neden oluyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6ylece, aile i\u00e7indeki bak\u0131m ve destek yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 par\u00e7alayarak aile bireylerini zorla birbirinden ay\u0131rmak, g\u00f6\u00e7menler \u00fczerinde sistematik denetim ve bask\u0131 kurman\u0131n bir arac\u0131 h\u00e2line geliyor. Zorla ayr\u0131l\u0131k, aileleri da\u011f\u0131tan ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131 hi\u00e7bir kurumsal destek olmadan hem ekonomik y\u00fck\u00fc hem de ailenin duygusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fini tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00fcstlenmeye zorlayan yap\u0131sal bir \u015fiddet bi\u00e7imidir. S\u00f6z konusu Afgan g\u00f6\u00e7menler oldu\u011funda, insan\u00ee ve ailevi ba\u011flar ya de\u011fersiz g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ya da \u201cal\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda\u201d say\u0131l\u0131yor; bunun sonucunda da aile, yeniden \u00fcretim birimi olarak tehdit alt\u0131na giriyor ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fe s\u00fcr\u00fckleniyor. Bu anlamda, son d\u00f6nemde tan\u0131k oldu\u011fumuz dizginsiz ama sistematik vah\u015fetten Afgan kad\u0131nlar ve k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 da kesinlikle muaf de\u011fil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2024 yaz\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ziyarette bir ba\u015fka Afgan kad\u0131n; kocas\u0131 ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocu\u011funun k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edildi\u011fini, di\u011fer \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n ise aileyi ge\u00e7indirebilmek i\u00e7in uzun saatler boyunca, yo\u011fun bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda ve \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretlerle at\u00f6lyelerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131. \u00c7o\u011fu zaman \u00fccretleri \u00f6denmeden ya da yaln\u0131zca \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck mebla\u011flar \u00f6denerek i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yorlar. \u0130tiraz ettiklerinde ise i\u015fverenin cevab\u0131 net: \u201cSeni s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ettiririm.\u201d Art\u0131k sokaklar ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak onun i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenli de\u011fil; bu y\u00fczden evden yapabilece\u011fi bir i\u015f ar\u0131yor. D\u0131\u015far\u0131s\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamalarla, sert bak\u0131\u015flarla, polis korkusuyla ve zorla geri g\u00f6nderilme tehdidiyle dolu. Ama onun da dedi\u011fi gibi, hayatta kalmak ve ya\u015famak i\u00e7in \u201c\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorundas\u0131n.\u201d B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm ararken, d\u00f6rt ayl\u0131k bebe\u011fini emziriyordu: \u201cEskiden \u00e7ocuklar kav\u015fakta fal ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 satard\u0131, \u015fimdi onlar\u0131 da g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131yorlar.\u201d \u0130ran Devlet Refah Kurumu\u2019nun bile \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131p s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesine katk\u0131da bulundu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Ge\u00e7en ay sadece birka\u00e7 ki\u015fi de\u011fil, aileleriyle birlikte bir\u00e7ok insan g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131p s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edildi. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131 doyurmak ve kiran\u0131n \u00f6denmesini sa\u011flamak, ya\u015faman\u0131n en temel ko\u015fullar\u0131; ama bu aile i\u00e7in art\u0131k bunlara bile eri\u015fim m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilen Afgan g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin ard\u0131ndan geride kalanlar, yaln\u0131zca hayatta kalmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor; son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretlerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor ve s\u00fcrekli i\u015fsiz kalma tehdidiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya ya\u015f\u0131yorlar. Yorucu ve yo\u011fun i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcne ra\u011fmen \u00f6denen c\u00fczi \u00fccretler, g\u00f6\u00e7men eme\u011finin \u2014bu durumda \u00f6zellikle g\u00f6\u00e7men kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u2014 a\u011f\u0131r s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc yans\u0131t\u0131yor. Bu kad\u0131nlar \u00e7o\u011fu zaman hi\u00e7bir yasal hakka ya da itiraz etme hakk\u0131na sahip olmadan, \u201cg\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen emek\u201d olarak istihdam ediliyor. Kad\u0131n eme\u011finin, \u00f6zellikle evlerde ya da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck at\u00f6lyelerde de\u011fersizle\u015ftirilmesi, yaln\u0131zca kay\u0131tl\u0131 ekonominin i\u015fine yaramakla kalm\u0131yor; ayn\u0131 zamanda hi\u00e7bir bi\u00e7imde tan\u0131nmadan, toplumsal yeniden \u00fcretimin y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc kad\u0131nlar\u0131n s\u0131rt\u0131na daha da fazla y\u00fckl\u00fcyor. Bu g\u00fcvencesizlik, vah\u015fi bir disiplin bi\u00e7imidir: G\u00f6\u00e7menleri sessizlik ve itaat h\u00e2linde tutmak i\u00e7in \u015fiddeti ara\u00e7la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r; onlar\u0131, kriz anlar\u0131nda toplumdan kolayca d\u0131\u015flanabilecek t\u00fcketilebilir ve yerine konabilir \u00f6zneler olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayn\u0131 ziyaret s\u0131ras\u0131nda, kad\u0131n \u00e7oraplar\u0131 paketlemekle me\u015fgul olan 27 ya\u015f\u0131nda bir Afgan kad\u0131n, e\u015finin s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edildi\u011fini anlatt\u0131. E\u015finin i\u015fe giderken yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yasal belgeleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nce Kar\u00e7ak g\u00f6zalt\u0131 kamp\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra da s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edildi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. \u00c7oraplar\u0131 d\u00fczeltmek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131klar\u0131 makine, kay\u0131nbiraderinin patronu taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 verilmi\u015fti; b\u00f6ylece o ve yengesi evde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabiliyordu. Paketledikleri her alt\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7orap i\u00e7in bin t\u00fcmen kazan\u0131yorlard\u0131. G\u00fcnde 200 paket \u00fcretmeleri gerekiyordu ve g\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 bu i\u015fe ay\u0131r\u0131yorlard\u0131. Aile ge\u00e7indirme sorumlulu\u011funu ta\u015f\u0131yan kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in evde, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak daha az riskli bir yol olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Afgan g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesinin yaln\u0131zca insani ya da siyasi bir mesele de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda toplumsal cinsiyet temelli bir kriz oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bu kriz, toplumsal yeniden \u00fcretim yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6kten tehdit ediyor ve g\u00f6\u00e7men kad\u0131nlar\u0131 risk, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fle \u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc yorucu ve katlan\u0131lmaz bir ya\u015fam ko\u015fuluna mahk\u00fbm ediyor. Ancak en basit tepki, tarihin defalarca g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u00fczere, bu sessiz su\u00e7a g\u00f6z yummak oluyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00f6\u00e7menler hakk\u0131nda uydurulan b\u00fcy\u00fck yalan anlat\u0131lar\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131nda toplum ile iktidar aras\u0131ndaki su\u00e7 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve r\u0131za devam ediyor: G\u00f6\u00e7menlerin insanl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, su\u00e7lula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131; e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti, bar\u0131nma gibi temel sosyal kaynaklardan d\u0131\u015flanmalar\u0131; hem ulusal bask\u0131ya hem de m\u00fclteci stat\u00fclerine ba\u011fl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fsal ezilmeye maruz b\u0131rak\u0131larak hayatta kalmak i\u00e7in \u201cher yolu denemek zorunda kalmalar\u0131\u201d; ard\u0131ndan da \u201ch\u0131rs\u0131z,\u201d \u201csu\u00e7lu,\u201d \u201cpis,\u201d \u201cgeri kalm\u0131\u015f,\u201d \u201cvah\u015fi\u201d gibi s\u0131fatlarla yaftalanmalar\u0131… Adil yarg\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine eri\u015fimlerinin engellenmesi, \u201cadaleti sat\u0131n alma\u201d imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131, m\u00fcnferit davalar\u0131n t\u00fcm g\u00f6\u00e7menlere mal edilmesi ve nihayetinde toplu s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 talepleriyle bu g\u00fczel, kadim, medeni ve \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc toplumun \u201cyabanc\u0131 unsurlardan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d \u00e7abas\u0131 \u2014 t\u00fcm bunlar \u201c\u00f6teki\u201dnin in\u015fa edilip sonra silinmesine y\u00f6nelik bir s\u00fcrecin par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dcstelik bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 yaln\u0131zca \u0130ran\u2019da ya da yaln\u0131zca Afganlara \u00f6zg\u00fc de\u011fil; s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6neminde ve sonras\u0131nda, Avrupa ve Kuzey Amerika\u2019daki \u201cyerli olmayanlara\u201d ve dini ya da etnik az\u0131nl\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 da tekrar tekrar uygulanan, yayg\u0131n ve tarihsel bir olgudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131n\u0131r politikalar\u0131n\u0131n, g\u00f6\u00e7men ve m\u00fcltecilerin s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesinin bedenleri ve hayatlar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak yap\u0131sal \u015fiddete maruz b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131; g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131 istikrars\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00fcnyada, ortak bir kar\u015f\u0131 duru\u015f sergilemek feminist ve devrimci bir g\u00f6revdir. Bug\u00fcn Afgan g\u00f6\u00e7menlere y\u00f6nelik sistematik zul\u00fcm, \u201cyurtseverlik\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sorgulamak, yurt kavram\u0131n\u0131 yeniden tan\u0131mlamak ve \u201culusal utanc\u0131\u201d yol g\u00f6sterici k\u0131lman\u0131n tam zaman\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u201cutan\u00e7, ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir devrimdir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Temmuz 2025<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak: https:\/\/slingerscollective.net\/the-secret-committee-of-women-on-the-necessity-of-feminist-resistance-against-anti-afghan-racism\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n

  1. \u00a0<\/sup>\u00c7ador<\/em>, \u0130ran\u2019da yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan, ba\u015ftan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 v\u00fccudu \u00f6rten ancak \u00f6nden a\u00e7\u0131k olan tek par\u00e7a siyah bir \u00f6rt\u00fcd\u00fcr. Genellikle ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fczerine giyilir ve elde tutulur.\u00a0 \u0130ran \u0130slam Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kamusal k\u0131yafet normlar\u0131yla do\u011frudan ili\u015fkilidir. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0130srail\u2019in \u0130ran\u2019a y\u00f6nelik askeri sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, Afgan kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ele\u015ftiren bir metin kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Bu metin, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 feminist bir m\u00fccadelenin aciliyetini vurgulama \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131, ancak \u0130srail\u2019in \u0130ran\u2019a y\u00f6nelik askeri sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ola\u011fan d\u0131\u015f\u0131\u00a0 ko\u015fullar nedeniyle bu metnin yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131n\u0131 erteledik.\u00a0 Ataerki ve kapitalizmle su\u00e7 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde olan bu \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, Afgan g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin seslerini, haklar\u0131n\u0131…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":8670,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_eb_attr":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"[{\"content\":\"\u00a0<\/sup>\u00c7ador<\/em>, \u0130ran\u2019da yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan, ba\u015ftan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 v\u00fccudu \u00f6rten ancak \u00f6nden a\u00e7\u0131k olan tek par\u00e7a siyah bir \u00f6rt\u00fcd\u00fcr. Genellikle ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fczerine giyilir ve elde tutulur.\u00a0 \u0130ran \u0130slam Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kamusal k\u0131yafet normlar\u0131yla do\u011frudan ili\u015fkilidir.\",\"id\":\"c5694803-dca8-4056-93fd-d7ed55e5235a\"}]"},"categories":[93,1252],"tags":[1459,1458,1282],"ppma_author":[1416,594],"class_list":["post-8668","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ceviri","category-gocmenlik","tag-afgan-kadinlar","tag-gocmen-dusmanligi","tag-gocmenlik","author-asli-tasci","author-irem-kayikci"],"authors":[{"term_id":1416,"user_id":67,"is_guest":0,"slug":null,"display_name":"Asl\u0131 Ta\u015f\u00e7\u0131","avatar_url":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/a5d51635c0d4456e04141a2d86e978a7.jpg?ver=1787845100","author_category":"","first_name":"","last_name":"","user_url":"","job_title":"","description":""},{"term_id":594,"user_id":27,"is_guest":0,"slug":"irem-kayikci","display_name":"\u0130rem Kay\u0131k\u00e7\u0131","avatar_url":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/cc02d7134dc75a57b6e07a230e7e3604.jpg?ver=1787835286","author_category":"","first_name":"\u0130rem","last_name":"Kay\u0131k\u00e7\u0131","user_url":"","job_title":"","description":"iremkayikci@mordayanisma.org"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8668","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8668"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8668\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8670"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8668"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8668"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8668"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=8668"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}