{"id":2406,"date":"2020-04-29T18:36:57","date_gmt":"2020-04-29T15:36:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mordayanisma.org\/?p=2406"},"modified":"2025-01-26T18:17:02","modified_gmt":"2025-01-26T15:17:02","slug":"dunya-genelinde-yukselen-kadin-hareketi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/2020\/04\/29\/dunya-genelinde-yukselen-kadin-hareketi\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fcnya Genelinde Y\u00fckselen Kad\u0131n Hareketi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

2016-2018 y\u0131llar\u0131 belirli b\u00f6lgelerde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan fakat b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyay\u0131 saran kad\u0131n m\u00fccadelelerinin h\u0131zla y\u00fckseldi\u011fi y\u0131llar oldu. 2019\u2019da bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 devam ediyor. \u0130spanya, Almanya, \u0130talya gibi \u00fclkeler 8 Mart\u2019a yine kad\u0131n grevleriyle girdiler. \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de Haziran ay\u0131na, 1991\u2019den bu yana en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Kad\u0131n Grevi \u00f6rg\u00fctleniyor.<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131nlar kad\u0131n cinayetlerine, k\u00fcrtaj yasaklar\u0131na, ucuz ve g\u00fcvencesiz i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fe, k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131na, \u015fiddete, ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli sokaklardayd\u0131. Elbette bunun bir sebebi; kriz halinde olan kapitalizmin, neo-liberal politikalar\u0131n ataerkil ili\u015fkilerle b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc bir \u015fekilde kad\u0131n bedeni ve eme\u011fine y\u00f6nelik olduk\u00e7a yo\u011fun bir sald\u0131r\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde olmas\u0131\u2026 Bir di\u011fer sebebi; erkek egemenli\u011finin kapitalizmden de ayr\u0131 bir dinamik olarak, s\u00fcrekli derinle\u015fmesi, yay\u0131lmas\u0131 ve kad\u0131n bedenine ve eme\u011fine d\u00f6n\u00fck kendisine \u00f6zg\u00fcn bask\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerini artt\u0131rmas\u0131. Di\u011fer bir sebebi ise; kad\u0131nlar\u0131n erkek egemenli\u011fine ve onu destekleyen, yeniden \u00fcreten her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sisteme kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131 sonu\u00e7land\u0131rmak \u0131srar\u0131nda olmalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczde sisli bir yol<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kad\u0131nlar; katlan\u0131lamaz i\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131 (g\u00fcvencesizlik, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretler, esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri\u2026) \u00fccretsiz g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen eme\u011fin yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 (emek yeniden \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131) her g\u00fcn \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, tecav\u00fcze u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u015fiddete maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, nefes alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00fcnya ger\u00e7ekli\u011finden kopu\u015fmak ve bu ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi tersine \u00e7evirmek i\u00e7in, \u0131srar\u0131n, c\u00fcretin, cesaretin ve iradenin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda dola\u015fmaktalar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zellikle yirminci y\u00fcz y\u0131l\u0131n son \u00e7eyre\u011finde y\u00fckselen kad\u0131n direni\u015flerinin bir\u00e7o\u011funda, yine \u00f6zellikle sonraki ku\u015faklar\u0131n hayat\u0131nda \u00f6nemli etkileri olan kazan\u0131mlar elde edilmi\u015fti. 2016\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan beri s\u00fcregiden direni\u015flerin de bu etkiyi yakalayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015fimdiden hesap edebiliriz. Elbette kad\u0131n direni\u015flerinin art\u0131yor ve yay\u0131l\u0131yor olmas\u0131, bu direni\u015flerin illaki bir sonuca veya kazan\u0131ma ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yor. Direni\u015fler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kendi engelleyici ve bask\u0131c\u0131 politikalar\u0131n\u0131 devreye sokacak olan ba\u015f belas\u0131 ikili sistem (Ataerkil Kapitalizm) bir kenara; sadece Feminizmler aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131\u015fmalar ve s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadeleleri i\u00e7erisindeki tart\u0131\u015fmalar bile bu direni\u015flerin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesini ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyebiliyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu y\u00fczden d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bu eylemlerde a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan olumlu pratikler, zaaflar ve eksikler \u00fczerine; hem tarihsel deneyimlerin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda hem de bug\u00fcn ki deneyimleri tarihselle\u015ftirebilmek ad\u0131na gereken tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapmak ve onlar\u0131 teorile\u015ftirmek elzemdir. Bu gibi pratikler uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenecek konferanslarla ortakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir de. Amargi Feminizm Tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 2011-2012 ve bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n birer kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, i\u00e7erik olarak tam olmasa da metot olarak anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ma bir \u00f6rnek asl\u0131nda. Bug\u00fcnden baz\u0131 sorular\u0131 sormak ve cevaplayabilmek i\u00e7in ad\u0131m atmak gerekiyor. \u015eimdiye kadar y\u00fckselen bir ivme g\u00f6steren bu hareketi \u201cnereye ta\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131z, nas\u0131l ta\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131z\u201d. Asl\u0131nda bu sorular g\u00fcndeli\u011fimizin hayhuyunda sal\u0131n\u0131p duruyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ya kendimizi bu sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n kollar\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131p, bug\u00fcn var olan etki alan\u0131yla kendimizi s\u0131n\u0131rlar, kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n yeterlili\u011finde avunmay\u0131 tercih ederiz; ya da bu sorularla birlikte gelen tart\u0131\u015fmalara gereken \u00f6nemi verece\u011fiz. Ben kendi \u00fcslubumla bu sorular\u0131n etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fcnyadaki kad\u0131nlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu i\u00e7in net olan bir \u015fey varsa o da, art\u0131k bu d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ya\u015fan\u0131labilir bir yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131. Bu minvalde direni\u015flerin ortakla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ve \u0131srarla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin ise kad\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde tarihsel bir d\u00f6nemin kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 aralayaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yorum. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00fckselen Kad\u0131n Direni\u015flerinin Arjantin, \u0130zlanda Ve \u0130spanya \u00d6rneklerinde \u0130ncelenmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2016 sonbahar\u0131nda bir dalga halinde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131na yay\u0131larak y\u00fckselen kad\u0131n direni\u015flerinin bir haritas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmak, direni\u015flerde a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan talepleri incelemek ve bunu kronolojik olarak yapmak bizi daha do\u011fru \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlara g\u00f6t\u00fcrecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2016 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n kad\u0131n eylemlerinde fitili, Polonyal\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n 3 Ekim g\u00fcn\u00fc k\u00fcrtaj yasaklar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 1 g\u00fcnl\u00fck greve gitmeleri \u00e7akt\u0131. Polonya\u2019da kad\u0131nlar K\u00fcrtaj hakk\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cKara Pazartesi\u201d eylemlerini ba\u015flatt\u0131. Her pazartesi siyah giyinen kad\u0131nlar daha sonra 60 \u015fehirde 6 milyon kad\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir g\u00fcn boyunca ev ve i\u015f yerlerindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015flerini durdurduklar\u0131 bir grev \u00f6rg\u00fctlediler. Benzeri bir eylem \u0130rlanda da ve Polonya\u2019y\u0131 \u00f6rnek alan G\u00fcney Kore\u2019de de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.  \u0130\u015f\u00e7i, ev emek\u00e7isi, \u00f6\u011frenci, ya\u015fl\u0131, gen\u00e7 binlerce kad\u0131n yasaklara kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u201cKad\u0131n Grevi\u201d \u00f6rg\u00fctledi. Kad\u0131nlar bedenleriyle ilgili tek karar merciinin kendileri oldu\u011funu, k\u00fcrtaj yasaklar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da bedenlerine d\u00f6n\u00fck yap\u0131lan hi\u00e7bir m\u00fcdahaleyi kabul etmeyeceklerini Polonyal\u0131 erkek yetkililer nezdinde b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya erkeklerine duyurmu\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNi Uno Menos\u201d slogan\u0131 etraf\u0131nda birle\u015ftikleri kad\u0131n platformuyla birlikte, liseli gen\u00e7 bir kad\u0131n\u0131n tecav\u00fcze u\u011fray\u0131p \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin ard\u0131ndan, \u00fclkede s\u00fcrekli artan tecav\u00fcz ve cinayet eylemlerine kar\u015f\u0131 on binlerce kad\u0131nla g\u00fcnlerce s\u00fcren eylemler \u00f6rg\u00fctleyen Arjantinli kad\u0131nlar, Polonya\u2019da \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen \u201cKad\u0131n Grevi\u201d fikrinden nas\u0131l etkilendiklerini \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yorlar: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYeni bir feminist m\u00fccadeleler \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret eden radikal bir eylem olarak kad\u0131n grevi fikri, en az y\u00fcz y\u0131ld\u0131r, \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kolektif tahayy\u00fcl\u00fcnde. Arjantin\u2019de Ni Una Menos hareketinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan bu yana, kad\u0131nlar olarak grev yapmam\u0131z\u0131n nas\u0131l bir anlama gelebilece\u011fine, ve bunun (\u2026) feminist siyasetin tarihini nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirebilece\u011fine dair hayaller kuruyoruz ve de espriler yap\u0131yoruz. Kolektifin kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bu sohbetler tam olarak \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ba\u015flad\u0131; ilk ba\u015ftaki fikir bir sanat eserinin eskizi gibiydi. Fikir hayal olarak kald\u0131 -ta ki Polonyal\u0131 kad\u0131nlar k\u00fcrtaj\u0131 yasaklayacak bir yasa teklifine kar\u015f\u0131 3 Ekim 2016\u2019da greve gidene kadar. O an, bizim hayalimiz bi\u00e7im kazanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ve ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 potansiyelin ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fck.(\u2026) Grev fikri h\u0131zla yay\u0131ld\u0131 ve be\u015f g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde, 19 Ekim 2016\u2019da ilk Arjantin Kad\u0131n Grevi\u2019ni \u00f6rg\u00fctledik. Bir saat boyunca i\u015f b\u0131rakt\u0131k ve Arjantin ve Latin Amerika\u2019n\u0131n pek \u00e7ok yerinde (ayr\u0131ca New York kentinde) soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k. O kritik g\u00fcn, Latin Amerika feminizm tarihinde bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 oldu. \u0130lk \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki grevden sonra, hareketimizin enternasyonalist do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi k\u00fcresel a\u011fda bir hamle ba\u015flatt\u0131k, ve 8 Mart 2017\u2019de ilk Uluslararas\u0131 Kad\u0131n Grevi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131k; buna 60 \u00fclkeden kad\u0131nlar kat\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn Latin Amerika greve dahil oldu ve devrimlerimizin tarihinde bu belirleyici bir an haline geldi, \u00f6zellikle de b\u00f6lgemiz halihaz\u0131rda y\u00fcksek dozlu neoliberalizmin adeta laboratuvar\u0131 haline geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in\u2026\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her 18 saatte bir kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Arjantin\u2019de kad\u0131nlar ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131n\u0131 ikincille\u015ftiren her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ayr\u0131mc\u0131 politikaya d\u00f6n\u00fck isyanlar\u0131n\u0131 soka\u011fa ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131lar.  Taleplerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131: E\u015fit i\u015fe e\u015fit \u00fccret, g\u00fcvenceli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, bak\u0131m eme\u011finin payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, kad\u0131n meclislerinin kurulmas\u0131, \u00fccretsiz k\u00fcrtaj hakk\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131, kad\u0131n cinayetlerinin a\u011f\u0131r cezalar almas\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kad\u0131n eylemleri tarihin hi\u00e7bir noktas\u0131nda bu kadar birbirinden haberdar ve etkilenerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015ftir herhalde. 2000\u2019li y\u0131llarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen D\u00fcnya Kad\u0131n Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri, 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cBir Milyon Kad\u0131n Ayaklan\u0131yor\u201d eylemleri bug\u00fcn\u00fcn ayak sesleri gibiymi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Latin Amerika\u2019da bir dalga halinde yay\u0131lan bu direni\u015fler; Meksika\u2019da kad\u0131n cinayetlerine ve ucuz i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fe; \u015eili, Dominik Cumhuriyeti ve Honduras\u2019ta k\u00fcrtaj yasaklar\u0131na; yine \u015eili\u2019de \u00fcniversiteli gen\u00e7 kad\u0131nlar\u0131 tacizlere kar\u015f\u0131 sokaklara \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Paraguay, Peru, Brezilya, \u015eili,  Ekvador, Bolivya, Uruguay,  Guatemala, Kolombiya, Brezilya ve Meksika\u2019da Arjantin\u2019le e\u015f zamanl\u0131 eylemler yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Latin Amerika\u2019y\u0131 saran bu direni\u015flerin ortak \u00f6zelli\u011fi, beden politikalar\u0131ndan ba\u015flay\u0131p emek politikalar\u0131na do\u011fru geni\u015fleyen taleplerle birlikte bir \u00e7\u0131\u011f gibi yay\u0131lmas\u0131. Peki tarihteki i\u015f\u00e7i kad\u0131nlar\u0131n grevlerinden farkl\u0131 olarak; kad\u0131nlar\u0131, \u00fccretli i\u015f\u00e7ilik d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u00fccretsiz ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen emek yeniden \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ve kad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7in soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karan \u201cKad\u0131n Grevleri\u201d fikri nas\u0131l g\u00fcndeme geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir \u00e7ok kad\u0131n\u0131n taleplerini ortakla\u015ft\u0131rabilen, onlar\u0131 tek bir eylem bi\u00e7imiyle yan yana getirebilen  \u201cKad\u0131n Grevleri\u201d en g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr \u015fekilde ilk defa \u0130zlanda\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f. Tarih 24 Ekim 1975; \u00fclkede 25 bin kad\u0131n ev ve i\u015f yerlerini terk ediyor. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak istihdam edildi\u011fi sekreterlik, u\u00e7aklarda kabin memurlu\u011fu, gazetelerde dizgicilik gibi i\u015fler durma noktas\u0131na geliyor. \u201cKad\u0131nlar\u0131n izin g\u00fcn\u00fc\/bo\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan grevde ev emek\u00e7isi kad\u0131nlar \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 evde erkeklere b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in erkekler \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f yerlerine g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek zorunda kal\u0131yor ve bu ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn onlar i\u00e7in hem \u00e7ocuk ve ev bak\u0131m\u0131 hem de i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fc nedeniyle \u201cBitmeyen Cuma\u201d olarak tarihe ge\u00e7iyor. Bir y\u0131l sonra \u201c\u0130zlanda Cinsiyet E\u015fitli\u011fi Konseyi\u201d kurulmas\u0131 ve i\u015f yerlerinde, okullarda cinsiyet ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131, cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fi yasas\u0131n\u0131n onaylanmas\u0131 ise kad\u0131nlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elbette \u0130zlandal\u0131 kad\u0131nlar kendilerini bu tarz yasal kazan\u0131mlarla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmay\u0131p ger\u00e7ek bir cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fi ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir \u0130zlanda i\u00e7in y\u0131llarca m\u00fccadelelerine devam etmi\u015fler. 24 Ekim 2016 g\u00fcn\u00fcne geldiklerinde bir \u00f6nemli eylem daha ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiler. \u201cE\u015fit i\u015fe e\u015fit \u00fccret\u201d i\u00e7in binlerce kad\u0131n yeniden i\u015f b\u0131rakt\u0131. Ertesi y\u0131l \u201cE\u015fit i\u015fe e\u015fit \u00fccret\u201d yasala\u015ft\u0131. \u0130zlanda\u2019da hem kamu hem de \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rdeki i\u015fverenlerden, \u201ccinsiyet, etnik k\u00f6ken, cinsel y\u00f6nelim ya da milliyete\u201d bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u201ce\u015fit i\u015fe e\u015fit \u00fccret\u201d \u00f6demelerini bir sertifikayla kan\u0131tlamalar\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lan yasay\u0131 ge\u00e7irdiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cKad\u0131n Grevi\u201d eylemlerin \u0130spanya\u2019daki \u00f6rnekleri ise ger\u00e7ekten b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyay\u0131 sarsacak cinsten\u2026 \u0130spanya  \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme bi\u00e7imiyle de birlikte \u00e7ok deneyimi beraberinde hayat\u0131m\u0131za soktu. 2018 ve 2019 8 Mart\u2019lar\u0131nda grevler 6 milyona yak\u0131n insan\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla, \u0130spanya\u2019da de\u011fi\u015fimin kald\u0131rac\u0131 g\u00f6revini \u00fcstleniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130spanya \u201cKad\u0131n Grevlerinin\u201d \u00f6\u011frettikleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130spanya \u00f6zellikle i\u015f yerlerinde ve evin i\u00e7erisinde kad\u0131n erkek e\u015fitsizli\u011finin en \u00e7ok \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkelerden biri. Her ay en az d\u00f6rt kad\u0131n erkekler taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Kad\u0131nlar ev i\u00e7erisinde \u00fccretsiz, ev d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya art\u0131k isyan ettiklerini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar. E\u011fitimin i\u00e7eri\u011fi de olduk\u00e7a cinsiyet\u00e7i. Kad\u0131na ve erke\u011fe toplumun y\u00fckledi\u011fi belirli roller var. Bu roller e\u011fitim sisteminde de devam ettiriliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130spanya\u2019da kad\u0131nlar 2014 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan bir m\u00fccadelenin i\u00e7erisindeler. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130spanya\u2019da K\u00fcrtaj tamamen yasaklanmak istenmi\u015fti. Kad\u0131nlar ilk en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc toplu g\u00f6sterilerini uzun y\u0131llardan sonra bu yasaya kar\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131. Ve yasay\u0131 geri \u00e7ektirdiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8 Mart 2018\u2019de yap\u0131lan grev ise bu g\u00fcne kadar y\u00fckselen kad\u0131n m\u00fccadelesinin zirvelerde gezindi\u011fi eylemlik oldu. 6, 8 milyon aras\u0131nda ev emek\u00e7isi, i\u015f\u00e7i, \u00f6\u011frenci, milyonlarca kad\u0131n\u0131n ve erke\u011fin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu grev feminist kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. D\u00fcnya Kad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019nde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen grev, \u00e7ok say\u0131da sendika taraf\u0131ndan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u0131srarl\u0131 duru\u015fu sayesinde desteklendi\/desteklenmek zorunda kald\u0131, \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yakla\u015f\u0131k 120 farkl\u0131 noktada eylem ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen eylemlerde \u201cBiz durursak d\u00fcnya durur, kad\u0131n olmadan devrim olmaz\u201d slogan\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talepleri cinsiyet e\u015fitsizli\u011finin giderilmesi, cinsel ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve e\u015fit i\u015fe e\u015fit \u00fccret, kad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddete kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlemlerin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, ev i\u00e7i g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen eme\u011fin kad\u0131n i\u015fi olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eylemlerde A\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00c7\u0131kan Ortak Talepler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcrtaj yasaklar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u201cbenim bedenim, benim karar\u0131m\u201d politikas\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan ortak politik duru\u015f haline geldi.  Ataerkinin kad\u0131n bedeni \u00fczerindeki tahakk\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn en belirgin hali; kad\u0131n\u0131n do\u011furganl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kontrol edilmesinde a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar. Erke\u011fin kad\u0131n bedeni \u00fczerinde hegemonya kurabilmesi i\u00e7in onun do\u011furganl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 denetlemesi alt\u0131n kurald\u0131r. Bir politika olarak k\u00fcrtaj\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n arka plan\u0131nda erkek egemenli\u011finin garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 yatmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle \u015fimdilerde k\u00fcrtaj yasaklar\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu az Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir nedeni daha var. O da kapitalizmin ucuz i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc ihtiyac\u0131. Daha fazla i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcne ihtiya\u00e7 duyan kapitalizmin, kad\u0131n\u0131n do\u011furganl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 planlamak ad\u0131na k\u00fcrtaj\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 veya yasaklamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmak, sadece daha fazla veya hi\u00e7 \u00e7ocuk sahibi olmak istemeyen kad\u0131nlar\u0131n problemi de\u011fil. Bedeni ile ilgili kararlar\u0131 kendisi vermek isteyen b\u00fct\u00fcn kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ortak problemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E\u015fit i\u015fe, e\u015fit \u00fccret talebi; \u201ckad\u0131n\u201d i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, as\u0131l i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc \u201cerke\u011fin\u201d yede\u011fi olarak temellendi\u011fi Ataerkil Kapitalizmde, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ucuz i\u015f\u00e7ilik ko\u015fullar\u0131na zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 ortakla\u015ft\u0131rabilecek en \u00f6nemli taleplerdendir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir \u00e7ok yerinde bu kural vaz ge\u00e7ilmezdir. Kad\u0131nlar hep daha ucuza \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar. Elbette bu talep, etraf\u0131nda \u00f6r\u00fclecek m\u00fccadelenin politik s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 geni\u015fletilmedi\u011fi m\u00fcddet\u00e7e i\u00e7erik olarak yetersizli\u011fe mahkumdur. Ger\u00e7ek bir Kapitalizm ele\u015ftirisi yap\u0131lmadan, dayat\u0131lan bu yedek i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc pozisyonundan kurtulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Burada her \u015feyden \u00f6nce Ataerki ve Kapitalizm aras\u0131nda yakalanm\u0131\u015f m\u00fckemmel uyumun bir sonucu mevcuttur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dccret e\u015fitsizli\u011fi uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n hala daha, kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 konusunda Do\u011fuya g\u00f6re \u201colduk\u00e7a ileride\u201d olan Bat\u0131da varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesinin bir nedeni var elbette: En ileri kapitalistle\u015fen \u00fclkelerde bile ataerkinin erke\u011fe verdi\u011fi inisiyatifin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndaki \u00e7\u0131karlar. E\u015fitlik burada burjuva devrimlerinden sonra erkekler aras\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir soyut kavram olarak kal\u0131yor. Avrupa\u2019da kad\u0131nlar\u0131n m\u00fccadeleleri sonucu kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir e\u015fitlik ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ill\u00fczyonu olsa bile, \u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fck erkek egemenli\u011fi her an ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rt\u00fcn\u00fcn alt\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karmaya haz\u0131r bekliyor. \u00d6zellikle kapitalin ve erkeklerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcvencesizlik, ucuz i\u015f\u00e7ilik, esneklik, ta\u015feronla\u015fma gibi kavramlar ise daha ge\u00e7 kapitalistle\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u015f pazar\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131yor. T\u00fcm bu neo-liberal politikalar b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u00fczerinde uygulansa da; kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u00e7in \u201cdo\u011fal\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131ym\u0131\u015f gibi dayat\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu da neoliberalizmin ataerkil ili\u015fkileri nas\u0131l kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00f6stergesi. Bu \u201cdo\u011fal\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde \u00f6zellikle g\u00f6\u00e7men kad\u0131nlar\u0131, fakat T\u00fcrkiye gibi \u00fclkelerde i\u015f hayat\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn kad\u0131nlar\u0131 kademeli bir \u015fekilde i\u00e7erisine hapsediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kad\u0131n cinayetleri, taciz ve tecav\u00fczler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda y\u00fckselen direni\u015flerin co\u011frafyalar\u0131nda ise kad\u0131nlar hayatta kalabilmek i\u00e7in \u00e7abal\u0131yorlar. Her g\u00fcn onlarca kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir \u00fclkede \u00f6ncelikle hayatta kalabilmek i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele edersiniz. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla en acil talebiniz \u201cya\u015fam\u201d talebi olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar. Kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00f6sterdi\u011finiz direni\u015f de \u201c\u00f6z savunma\u201d olarak. Ortado\u011fu, Asya, Afrika ve Latin Amerika\u2019n\u0131n belirli \u00fclkelerinde bir y\u0131lda y\u00fczlerce kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, on binlerce kad\u0131n\u0131n tecav\u00fcze u\u011framas\u0131, y\u00fcz binlerce kad\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddete maruz kalmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar, devletler, sermaye ve erkek i\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7erisinde hayata ge\u00e7irilen beden politikalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyi \u00f6nceliyorlar. Fakat bu her kar\u0131\u015f topra\u011f\u0131 hala erkek egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131nda olan d\u00fcnyada ya\u015fayan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ortakla\u015ft\u0131ran en \u00f6nemli g\u00fcndemlerden biri olmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Kad\u0131nlar hala toplu veya tek tek katlediliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in ya\u015famsal olarak acil olan neyse ona g\u00f6re farkl\u0131la\u015fan ve ortakla\u015fan talepler, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n iki ayr\u0131 ucunda ya\u015fayan kad\u0131nlar\u0131 bile birbirine yakla\u015ft\u0131rabiliyor. \u00dcstelik bu talepleri a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karan bask\u0131lar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 bir oldu mu m\u00fccadele y\u00f6ntemlerinde de olduk\u00e7a ortak y\u00f6nler a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kabiliyor. Elbette farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z da bizi ay\u0131ran veya ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran bir \u015feye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmek zorunda de\u011fil. Halihaz\u0131rda hi\u00e7 kimse bug\u00fcn \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ayn\u0131 derecede erkek egemenli\u011fine maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia edemez. Ama ayn\u0131 zamanda hi\u00e7 kimse \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de ya\u015fayan  kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yukar\u0131da bahsetti\u011fimiz sorunlardan tamamen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z oldu\u011funu da. Tam da bu y\u00fczden Arjantin\u2019e \u00f6zg\u00fc bir eylem modeli Almanya\u2019daki kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in bir \u00f6rnek olabiliyor. Ya da I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n silahl\u0131 direni\u015fi, her g\u00fcn \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclme korkusuyla sokaklara \u00e7\u0131kan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki bir kad\u0131n i\u00e7in \u201c\u00f6z savunma\u201d takti\u011fine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febiliyor.( Bu c\u00fcmle \u00e7\u0131kabilir) \u0130spanya \u0130zlanda\u2019dan \u00f6rnek ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cKad\u0131n Grevi\u201d ile yakla\u015f\u0131k 8 milyon kad\u0131n\u0131 bir araya getirebilirken; Arjantin\u2019li kad\u0131nlar Polonya\u2019daki kad\u0131nlardan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 cesaretle uluslararas\u0131 bir kad\u0131n grevi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapabiliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) Bkz. Eds: E.\u00d6zdemir ve S.Bayraktar, Amargi Feminizm Tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/em> (\u0130stanbul: Amargi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2012).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Bkz. http:\/\/gazetekarinca.com\/2016\/10\/polonyada-kurtaj-yasagina-karsi-kadinlar-kazandi<\/a>, En son 24 A\u011fustos 2018 tarihinde eri\u015fildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) Ni Uno Menos; Arjantin\u2019de 3 Haziran 2016 da bir \u00e7ok kad\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn bir araya gelerek kurdu\u011fu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z kad\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi platformu. Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in Bkz. Arjantin\u2019de Y\u00fckselen Kad\u0131n Direni\u015fleri<\/em>, Feminerva, Haziran, 2017, 8-9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) Cecilia Palemiro, \u201cThe Strike as Our Revolutionary Time\u201d, versobooks.com, 7 Mart 2018, https:\/\/www.versobooks.com\/blogs\/3670-the-strike-as-our-revolutionary-time<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(5) Bkz. http:\/\/isyandan.org\/diger\/kara-carsamba-latin-amerikada-kadin-eylemleri\/<\/a>, En son 24 A\u011fustos 2018 tarihinde eri\u015fildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(6) Bkz. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2005\/oct\/18\/gender.uk<\/a>, En son 20 A\u011fustos 2018 tarihinde eri\u015fildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(7) Bkz. https:\/\/m.bianet.org\/bianet\/toplumsal-cinsiyet\/184410-izlandali-kadinlar-kazandi-sirketlere-esit-ise-esit-ucret-sertifikasi-zorunlulugu<\/a>, En son 20 A\u011fustos 2018 tarihinde eri\u015fildi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu yaz\u0131 ilk olarak \u015furada yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: elyazmalari.com\/2019\/05\/19\/dunya-genelinde-yukselen-kadin-hareketi\/<\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

2016-2018 y\u0131llar\u0131 belirli b\u00f6lgelerde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan fakat b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyay\u0131 saran kad\u0131n m\u00fccadelelerinin h\u0131zla y\u00fckseldi\u011fi y\u0131llar oldu. 2019\u2019da bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 devam ediyor. \u0130spanya, Almanya, \u0130talya gibi \u00fclkeler 8 Mart\u2019a yine kad\u0131n grevleriyle girdiler. \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de Haziran ay\u0131na, 1991\u2019den bu yana en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Kad\u0131n Grevi \u00f6rg\u00fctleniyor. Kad\u0131nlar kad\u0131n cinayetlerine, k\u00fcrtaj yasaklar\u0131na, ucuz ve g\u00fcvencesiz i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fe, k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131na,…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":2407,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_eb_attr":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[94],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[1254],"class_list":["post-2406","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-derleme","author-meral-cinar"],"authors":[{"term_id":1254,"user_id":0,"is_guest":1,"slug":"meral-cinar","display_name":"Meral \u00c7\u0131nar","avatar_url":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/23494c9101089ad44ae88ce9d2f56aac.jpg?ver=1784192493","author_category":"","first_name":"","last_name":"","user_url":"","job_title":"","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2406","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2406"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2406\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2407"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2406"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2406"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2406"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=2406"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}