{"id":12241,"date":"2026-07-01T08:59:18","date_gmt":"2026-07-01T05:59:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/?p=12241"},"modified":"2026-07-01T08:59:20","modified_gmt":"2026-07-01T05:59:20","slug":"nato-nedir-ne-degildir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/2026\/07\/01\/nato-nedir-ne-degildir\/","title":{"rendered":"NATO Nedir, Ne De\u011fildir?\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\ud83d\udcf7 Mark Jeevaratnam\/@jee_rilla<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130zmir Mor Dayan\u0131\u015fma olarak d\u00fczenledi\u011fimiz 2026 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Mor Masa bulu\u015fmas\u0131nda \u00fcyemiz Didar G\u00dcL ile NATO\u2019ya dair konu\u015ftuk. 36. NATO zirvesinin 2004\u2019ten sonra ilk defa T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de d\u00fczenlenecek olmas\u0131 ve hepimizin hayat\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen emperyalizm ile sava\u015f g\u00fcndemlerinin g\u00fcncel yak\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedenleriyle bu konuyu se\u00e7tik. Yaz\u0131y\u0131 da \u201cNATO Nedir, Ne De\u011fildir?\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 Mor Masa bulu\u015fmam\u0131zdan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ses kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan derleyerek yazd\u0131k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcvenlik \u015eemsiyesi mi Kanl\u0131 Sava\u015f \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc m\u00fc? <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Sohbetimize bir savunma \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc anlat\u0131s\u0131yla pazarlanan NATO\u2019nun do\u011fdu\u011fu d\u00f6neme ve tarihine, buzda\u011f\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131na, bakarak ba\u015flad\u0131k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda zirvesine ula\u015fan \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci d\u00fczeni Pax Britannica1<\/a><\/sup>, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc ve\u00a0 yerini ABD merkezli Pax Americana2<\/a><\/sup> ald\u0131. ABD, geleneksel s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik faaliyetleri yerine farkl\u0131 bir yol izleyerek uluslararas\u0131 ticareti, paray\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi kendi etraf\u0131nda toplayacak yeni bir emperyalist d\u00fczen kurdu3<\/a><\/sup>. Bu yeni d\u00fczenin ekonomik ayaklar\u0131n\u0131 ise Bretton Woods anla\u015fmas\u01314<\/a><\/sup>, IMF ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 olu\u015fturdu.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bretton Woods sistemi, 1944 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD\u2019nin New Hampshire eyaletindeki Bretton Woods kasabas\u0131nda 44 \u00fclkenin temsilcilerinin bir araya gelmesiyle imzalanan bir anla\u015fman\u0131n sonucu olarak in\u015fa edildi. Sistemin ba\u015fl\u0131ca ama\u00e7lar\u0131; sava\u015f sonras\u0131 ekonomik krizleri \u00f6nlemek, b\u00fcy\u00fck buhran gibi \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015flerin tekrar\u0131n\u0131 engellemek, uluslararas\u0131 ticareti canland\u0131rmak ve  para birimlerinde istikrar sa\u011flamakt\u0131. Sistemin temelinde d\u00fcnya para d\u00fczenini ABD dolar\u0131na ba\u011flamak vard\u0131. ABD dolar\u0131 alt\u0131na endeksledi, b\u00f6ylece belirli miktarda dolar\u0131 alt\u0131na \u00e7evirmeyi garanti etti; di\u011fer \u00fclkeler de kendi para birimlerini dolara sabitledi. Bu sistemle birlikte IMF ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 kuruldu \u2014 biri \u00f6deme dengesi krizlerinde kredi sa\u011flamak, di\u011feri sava\u015f sonras\u0131 kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 desteklemek i\u00e7in. Ama bu kurumlar zamanla sermayenin kendi krizini d\u00fcnyaya ihra\u00e7 etti\u011fi, halklar\u0131n bo\u011faz\u0131na ge\u00e7irilen bir bor\u00e7 kemendine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1945’te \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sona erdi\u011finde Avrupa ve Japonya y\u0131k\u0131m i\u00e7indeydi. ABD topraklar\u0131nda sava\u015f ya\u015fanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ise \u00fclke sanayisini b\u00fcy\u00fcterek sava\u015ftan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. K\u00fcresel alt\u0131n rezervlerinin de b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131na sahipti. ABD ekonomisi Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin 3, \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin ise 5 kat\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomik \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck, emperyalizm liderli\u011finin \u0130ngiltere\u2019den ABD\u2019ye ge\u00e7mesine sebep oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anla\u015fmalar, sistemler, bankalar sadece ABD\u2019yi etkileyen unsurlar olmad\u0131. K\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte ekonomik ve toplumsal bir hegemonya kurmay\u0131, yani yay\u0131lma stratejisini ilerletmeyi hedefleyerek di\u011fer \u00fclkelere ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye de do\u011frudan yans\u0131malar\u0131 oldu. Bu ili\u015fkiye bakarken \u015fu iki konuyu \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karal\u0131m: Biri Truman Doktrini, di\u011feri ise Marshall Plan\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marshall Plan\u01315<\/a><\/sup>, resm\u00ee ad\u0131yla \u201cAvrupa \u0130yile\u015ftirme Program\u0131\u201d \u0130kinci Payla\u015f\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ekonomik olarak yeniden aya\u011fa kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in 1948\u2019de ABD taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yard\u0131m program\u0131d\u0131r. Ad\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nemin ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 George C. Marshall\u2019dan al\u0131r. Marshall Plan\u0131 temel olarak sava\u015f sonras\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131ma u\u011frayan Avrupa ekonomilerini toparlamay\u0131; a\u00e7l\u0131k, i\u015fsizlik ve ekonomik krizleri azaltmay\u0131, Avrupa\u2019da siyasi istikrar\u0131 sa\u011flamay\u0131, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin ve kom\u00fcnizmin etkisini s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmay\u0131, ABD i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ticaret ortaklar\u0131 yaratmay\u0131 hedefledi. Yani plan sadece \u201cyard\u0131m\u201d de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde siyasi ve ekonomik n\u00fcfuz kurma arac\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1948-1952 aras\u0131nda para, g\u0131da, makine, sanayi ekipman\u0131, yak\u0131t ve hammaddeler bi\u00e7iminde toplamda yakla\u015f\u0131k 13 milyar dolar yard\u0131m yap\u0131ld\u0131. Ba\u015fta Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, Fransa, Bat\u0131 Almanya ve \u0130talya olmak \u00fczere 16 Avrupa \u00fclkesi programa kat\u0131ld\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye de Marshall Plan\u0131\u2019ndan yararland\u0131. Yard\u0131mlar kara yolu yap\u0131m\u0131nda, tar\u0131mda makinele\u015fmede, ABD tipi tar\u0131m modelinin yay\u0131lmas\u0131nda ve trakt\u00f6r kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131nda etkili oldu. Bu d\u00f6nemde k\u00f6ylerden kentlere g\u00f6\u00e7 h\u0131zland\u0131 ve tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imi de\u011fi\u015fti. Yani \u00f6zetle kapitalizm geli\u015fti. Bu y\u00fczden Marshall Plan\u0131’n\u0131n as\u0131l amac\u0131 \u201cemperyalist ekonomik n\u00fcfuz arac\u0131\u201d olmakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Truman Doktrini6<\/a><\/sup> ise 1947\u2019de ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Harry S. Truman taraf\u0131ndan ilan edilen ve temel olarak \u201ckom\u00fcnizmin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 durdurmay\u0131\u201d hedefleyen bir d\u0131\u015f politika anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu doktrin, So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 ad\u0131mlar\u0131ndan biri olarak kabul edilir. \u0130kinci Payla\u015f\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019\u0131n ekonomik olarak zay\u0131flamas\u0131, Yunanistan\u2019da i\u00e7 sava\u015f ya\u015fanmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Sovyetler Birli\u011fi bask\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi bu doktrinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f sebepleri olarak kabul edilir. ABD y\u00f6netiminin; Sovyet etkisinin yay\u0131lmas\u0131ndan endi\u015fe etmesi ve Truman\u2019\u0131n ABD Kongresi\u2019nde Yunanistan ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye yard\u0131m edilmesini istemesiyle bu ba\u011flar kuruldu. Doktrin kapsam\u0131nda ABD, T\u00fcrkiye ve Yunanistan\u2019a ekonomik ve asker\u00ee yard\u0131m yapt\u0131, bu \u00fclkelerin Kapitalist Blok i\u00e7inde kalmas\u0131n\u0131 hedefledi, \u201c\u00c7evreleme politikas\u0131\u201d ad\u0131 verilen Sovyet yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 durdurma stratejisini benimsedi.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Truman Doktrini, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ABD\u2019ye yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131 ve Kapitalist Blok\u2019a entegrasyonun yolunu a\u00e7t\u0131. Sonraki y\u0131llarda NATO \u00fcyeli\u011fine giden s\u00fcreci de g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi. Yani asl\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ABD\u2019ye ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 h\u00e2le geldi\u011fi, antikom\u00fcnizmin devlet politikas\u0131 olarak g\u00fc\u00e7lendi\u011fi, ABD etkisinin siyaset ve ordu i\u00e7inde artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Truman Doktrini daha \u00e7ok siyasi ve asker\u00ee bir stratejiydi. Marshall Plan\u0131 ise bunun ekonomik aya\u011f\u0131 olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6rd\u00fc.. ABD yard\u0131m\u0131 dedikleri \u015fey, asl\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi bir ileri karakol, T\u00fcrk ordusunu da kendi stratejilerinin aparat\u0131 yapma giri\u015fimiydi. Marshall Plan\u0131 ile de dediler ki: \u201cSiz a\u011f\u0131r sanayile\u015fmeyin, siz Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n tarlas\u0131 olun.\u201d Trakt\u00f6rleri Anadolu\u2019ya, Amerikan petrol\u00fcne ve yedek par\u00e7as\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olal\u0131m diye soktular. Rayl\u0131 sistemleri \u00e7\u00f6pe at\u0131p karayolu \u00f6nceli\u011fini getirerek \u00fclkeyi Amerikan tekellerine mahk\u00fbm ettiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tohumlar\u0131n\u0131 Nazi\u2019den Alan NATO <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Kapitalizmin hegemonyas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek, kurulan ekonomik sistemi ve ABD yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu jandarma g\u00f6revini NATO \u00fcstlendi. 4 Nisan 1949\u2019da NATO kuruldu. Resmi amac\u0131 kapitalizmi, kom\u00fcnizme kar\u015f\u0131 korumakt\u0131. NATO sadece bir savunma ittifak\u0131 de\u011fil; \u00f6z\u00fcnde yeni kurulan kapitalist sistemi, serbest piyasay\u0131 ve Amerikan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyan silahl\u0131 bir g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fc. Anla\u015fman\u0131n 5. maddesinde \u201cBirimize yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131, hepimize yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d diyerek ortak savunma anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131. B\u00f6ylece ABD, askeri g\u00fcc\u00fcyle Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 korumas\u0131 alt\u0131na ald\u0131. G\u00fcya ‘\u00f6zg\u00fcr d\u00fcnya’y\u0131 savunacaklard\u0131. Kiminle? Nazilerle! Bug\u00fcn NATO\u2019nun kurucu akl\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za Hitler\u2019in generalleri \u00e7\u0131kar. Adolf Heusinger gibi Holokost su\u00e7lular\u0131 , Nazi ordusunun istihbarat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Reinhard Gehlen gibi isimler, NATO\u2019nun en \u00f6nemli koltuklar\u0131na oturtuldu. NATO, \u00f6z\u00fcnde Nazi tecr\u00fcbesiyle mayalanm\u0131\u015f bir antikom\u00fcnist sava\u015f makinesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avrupa\u2019da NATO \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda kurulan Stay-Behind, yani ‘Geride Kalanlar’ ordular\u0131, sadece d\u0131\u015f tehdide kar\u015f\u0131 de\u011fil, i\u00e7erideki i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 da kuruldu. \u0130talya \u00f6rne\u011fine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda Kom\u00fcnist Parti\u2019nin y\u00fckseli\u015fini engellemek i\u00e7in ‘Gerginlik Stratejisi’ni uygulad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, Piazza Fontana ve Bologna gibi meydanlarda halklar\u0131 bombalay\u0131p su\u00e7u solcular\u0131n \u00fczerine att\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bel\u00e7ika\u2019dan Almanya\u2019ya, Yunanistan\u2019daki Albaylar Cuntas\u0131\u2019na kadar her yerde Gladio\u2019nun parmak izi7<\/a><\/sup>, i\u015fkencesi ve kan\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin NATO Ser\u00fcveni<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyada bu geli\u015fmeler olurken, T\u00fcrkiye burjuvazisi i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesinden ve sosyalist m\u00fccadele ihtimalinden korktu\u011fu i\u00e7in y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc NATO\u2019ya d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Yoksul Anadolu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 Kore\u2019ye \u00f6l\u00fcme g\u00f6ndermesi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda NATO\u2019ya \u00fcye oldu ve hemen ard\u0131ndan 1952\u2019de Seferberlik Tetkik Kurulu, yani Kontrgerilla kuruldu. Personel maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131llarca ABD \u00f6dedi. 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl Olaylar\u0131 gibi provokasyon ve cinayetler, bizzat bu ‘\u00d6zel Harp’ dairesinin ‘muhte\u015fem’ bir operasyonu olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1960’lar ve 70’ler, T\u00fcrkiye’de toplumsal hareketlili\u011fin y\u00fckseldi\u011fi y\u0131llard\u0131. Gen\u00e7lik, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve kad\u0131nlar ‘Tam Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z T\u00fcrkiye’ talebiyle soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Gladio’nun \u00fclk\u00fc ocaklar\u0131 \u00fczerinden \u00f6rg\u00fctledi\u011fi bir sivil operasyon a\u011f\u0131 da harekete ge\u00e7ti. Kanl\u0131 Pazar, 1 May\u0131s 1977’deki Taksim katliam\u0131, Mara\u015f ve \u00c7orum’daki mezhep \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bu a\u011f\u0131n izlerini ta\u015f\u0131yordu; hedef \u00fclkeyi kaosa s\u00fcr\u00fckleyip 12 Eyl\u00fcl darbesine zemin haz\u0131rlamakt\u0131. Darbenin ard\u0131ndan T\u0130SK Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Halit Narin’in ‘\u015eimdiye kadar biz a\u011flad\u0131k, art\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7iler a\u011flas\u0131n’ s\u00f6z\u00fc ve bir CIA yetkilisinin Washington’a ‘Bizim \u00e7ocuklar ba\u015fard\u0131’ diyerek durumu bildirmesi, darbenin kime hizmet etti\u011fini g\u00f6steren tarihsel kay\u0131tlar aras\u0131nda. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sovyetler Birli\u011fi da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ‘So\u011fuk Sava\u015f bitti’ denildi, ama NATO geni\u015flemeye devam etti. 11 Eyl\u00fcl sonras\u0131 ‘ter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadele’ ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda Ortado\u011fu’da uzun s\u00fcreli sava\u015flar ba\u015flad\u0131. Bug\u00fcn ise Ukrayna \u00fczerinden k\u00fcresel bir gerilim s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Trump’\u0131n \u00fcye \u00fclkelerden talep etti\u011fi y\u00fczde 5’lik savunma b\u00fct\u00e7esi art\u0131\u015f\u0131, halklar\u0131n vergileriyle finanse edilen bir silahlanma politikas\u0131na i\u015faret ediyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eu anda NATO zirvesiyle \u0131s\u0131nan sava\u015f g\u00fcndemi arkas\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar ve halklar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl ger\u00e7ekleri bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor. Erkek devletlerin erkek temsilcilerinin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015f ve y\u0131k\u0131m kararlar\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bedenini bir sava\u015f ganimeti olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Kad\u0131nlar topraklar\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131ma u\u011fruyor, g\u00f6\u00e7e s\u00fcr\u00fckleniyor, g\u00f6\u00e7 yollar\u0131nda ve gidecekleri yere varabildiklerinde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n emeklerine ve bedenlerine el konuluyor. Hali haz\u0131rda erkek egemen\/patriyarkal sistem i\u00e7inde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dahi tehdit alt\u0131nda olan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n. Ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi bir yana buralara ayr\u0131labilecek b\u00fct\u00e7eler sava\u015fa ak\u0131t\u0131l\u0131yor. Silah, y\u0131k\u0131m ve katliamla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmi\u015f erkeklik sava\u015f temsilleri ve politikalar\u0131yla her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn kendini yeniden \u00fcretiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Egemenlerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda d\u00fczenlenen, halklar\u0131n hedef al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve halklar aras\u0131 h\u00e2line de getirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan sava\u015flar\u0131n, bu kanl\u0131 tarihlerin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yer almak zorunday\u0131z. Bu y\u00fczden ba\u015farana kadar \u201cNATO da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ls\u0131n, \u00fcsler kapat\u0131ls\u0131n!\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n

  1. Clark, Ian. \u201cSingular Hegemony: Pax Britannica 1815\u20131914.\u201d In Hegemony in International Society, 98\u2013122. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  2. \u00a0Gough, Barry. \u201cRecessional: The End of Pax Britannica and the American Inheritance.\u201d In Pax Britannica, 260\u2013285. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  3. Ikenberry, G. John. \u201cPower and Liberal Order: America\u2019s Postwar World Order in Transition.\u201d International Relations of the Asia-Pacific 5, no. 2 (2005): 133\u2013152. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  4. Solti, \u00c1gnes. \u201cThe Bretton Woods System as the Cornerstone of the United States\u2019 Hegemony.\u201d Financial and Economic Review 23, no. 2 (2024): 186\u2013204. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  5. \u00a0Hogan, Michael J. The Marshall Plan: America, Britain and the Reconstruction of Western Europe, 1947\u20131952<\/em><\/a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  6. Kolko, Joyce, and Gabriel Kolko. The Limits of Power: The World and United States Foreign Policy, 1945\u20131954<\/em>.<\/a> New York: Harper & Row, 1972. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  7. Gladio, NATO\u2019yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 So\u011fuk Sava\u015f \u201cStay-Behind\u201d a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130talya\u2019daki ad\u0131d\u0131r. Resm\u00ee gerek\u00e7esi Sovyet i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015f haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131 ancak a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019da gizli servisler, antikom\u00fcnist kontrgerilla, neofa\u015fist \u015fiddet ve \u201cgerilim stratejisi\u201d tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n simgelerinden biri haline geldi. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \ud83d\udcf7 Mark Jeevaratnam\/@jee_rilla \u0130zmir Mor Dayan\u0131\u015fma olarak d\u00fczenledi\u011fimiz 2026 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Mor Masa bulu\u015fmas\u0131nda \u00fcyemiz Didar G\u00dcL ile NATO\u2019ya dair konu\u015ftuk. 36. NATO zirvesinin 2004\u2019ten sonra ilk defa T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de d\u00fczenlenecek olmas\u0131 ve hepimizin hayat\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen emperyalizm ile sava\u015f g\u00fcndemlerinin g\u00fcncel yak\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedenleriyle bu konuyu se\u00e7tik. Yaz\u0131y\u0131 da \u201cNATO Nedir, Ne De\u011fildir?\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 Mor Masa bulu\u015fmam\u0131zdan…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":12242,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_eb_attr":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"[{\"content\":\"Clark, Ian. \u201cSingular Hegemony: Pax Britannica 1815\u20131914.\u201d In Hegemony in International Society, 98\u2013122. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.\",\"id\":\"6138024b-0888-42c1-9eea-f2720bbbb245\"},{\"content\":\"\u00a0Gough, Barry. \u201cRecessional: The End of Pax Britannica and the American Inheritance.\u201d In Pax Britannica, 260\u2013285. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.\",\"id\":\"f1731f31-c166-4e4a-8597-25b28c4431bf\"},{\"content\":\"Ikenberry, G. John. \u201cPower and Liberal Order: America\u2019s Postwar World Order in Transition.\u201d International Relations of the Asia-Pacific 5, no. 2 (2005): 133\u2013152.\",\"id\":\"2e7d9ddb-9b92-4dc8-81ff-d44e6edeec77\"},{\"content\":\"Solti, \u00c1gnes. \u201cThe Bretton Woods System as the Cornerstone of the United States\u2019 Hegemony.\u201d Financial and Economic Review 23, no. 2 (2024): 186\u2013204.\",\"id\":\"5ddbb0ba-136e-4133-a378-efc744b580a9\"},{\"content\":\"\u00a0Hogan, Michael J. The Marshall Plan: America, Britain and the Reconstruction of Western Europe, 1947\u20131952<\/em><\/a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.\",\"id\":\"b9a30b5b-3746-4e74-84c0-d95e26f50170\"},{\"content\":\"Kolko, Joyce, and Gabriel Kolko. The Limits of Power: The World and United States Foreign Policy, 1945\u20131954<\/em>.<\/a> New York: Harper & Row, 1972.\",\"id\":\"8931028b-4c88-4c03-861b-0ad6b03fa18c\"},{\"content\":\"Gladio, NATO\u2019yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 So\u011fuk Sava\u015f \u201cStay-Behind\u201d a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130talya\u2019daki ad\u0131d\u0131r. Resm\u00ee gerek\u00e7esi Sovyet i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015f haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131 ancak a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019da gizli servisler, antikom\u00fcnist kontrgerilla, neofa\u015fist \u015fiddet ve \u201cgerilim stratejisi\u201d tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n simgelerinden biri haline geldi.\",\"id\":\"6050accb-1fd3-49a7-9dc9-3f8f7d76f55c\"}]"},"categories":[1411,561],"tags":[1590,1589,476],"ppma_author":[613],"class_list":["post-12241","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kadin-ve-savas","category-mor-masa","tag-emperyalizm","tag-nato","tag-orgutlufeministmucadele","author-kolektif"],"authors":[{"term_id":613,"user_id":0,"is_guest":1,"slug":"kolektif","display_name":"Kolektif","avatar_url":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/fefdbcbd649cfc34ba2bc325b4cb21fd.jpg?ver=1782375762","author_category":"","first_name":"Kolektif","last_name":"","user_url":"","job_title":"","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12241","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12241"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12241\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12247,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12241\/revisions\/12247"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12242"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12241"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12241"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12241"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=12241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}