{"id":10564,"date":"2026-01-20T11:36:34","date_gmt":"2026-01-20T08:36:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/?p=10564"},"modified":"2026-01-20T11:36:35","modified_gmt":"2026-01-20T08:36:35","slug":"modern-psikolojiye-feminist-elestiriler-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/2026\/01\/20\/modern-psikolojiye-feminist-elestiriler-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Modern Psikolojiye Feminist Ele\u015ftiriler – 4"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\ud83d\udcf7:ILCE-7M2 \/ csgorselarsiv.org<\/p>\n

Kompleks Travma ve Kutsal Aile<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bu yaz\u0131 Psikososyal Komisyonumuzun \u0130stanbul\u2019da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cModern Psikolojiye Feminist Ele\u015ftiriler\u201d oturumlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc olan \u201cKompleks Travma ve Kutsal Aile\u201d konulu etkinli\u011finin de\u011ferlendirme yaz\u0131s\u0131 olarak kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve her oturumun konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zelinde yaz\u0131 dizisi olarak devam edecektir.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu yaz\u0131da sosyal medyada, televizyonlarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla duydu\u011fumuz; belki \u00e7ok rahat\u00e7a kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u201ctravma\u201dy\u0131, ailenin i\u00e7inde nas\u0131l \u015fekillenip kompleks travmalara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve kutsal aile ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda patriyarkal kapitalist sistemin bizi nas\u0131l buraya hapsetmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Travmay\u0131, bireyin bedensel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 ya da g\u00fcvenlik ve anlam duygusunu tehdit eden; ki\u015fiyi yo\u011fun korku, \u00e7aresizlik ve kontrol kayb\u0131 ile ba\u015f ba\u015fa b\u0131rakan bir deneyim olarak tan\u0131mlayabiliriz. Bu deneyimin travma olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 asl\u0131nda olaydan \u00f6te, ki\u015finin ba\u015f etme kapasitesi ile ilgilidir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kompleks travma, bu deneyimlerin s\u00fcre\u011fen bi\u00e7imde ya\u015fanmas\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Erken \u00e7ocukluk d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flar; uzun s\u00fcreli, tekrarlay\u0131c\u0131 ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla ki\u015filer aras\u0131 \u015fiddete maruz kalma sonucunda geli\u015fir. \u0130hmal, fiziksel ve cinsel istismar, aile i\u00e7i \u015fiddet gibi deneyimler bu kapsamdad\u0131r. Kompleks travman\u0131n etkileri yaln\u0131zca travmatik an\u0131lar\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir; duygulan\u0131m d\u00fczenleme g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckleri, dissosiyasyon1<\/a><\/sup>, kimlik alg\u0131s\u0131nda bozulmalar, kendine zarar verme, madde kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve ili\u015fkilerde s\u00fcre\u011fen g\u00fcvensizlik gibi \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furur. Bu nedenle kompleks travma, klasik travma sonras\u0131 stres bozuklu\u011fu \u00e7er\u00e7evesiyle a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz; ayr\u0131 bir de\u011ferlendirme ve m\u00fcdahale yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 gerektirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn s\u0131kl\u0131kla duydu\u011fumuz travma kavram\u0131n\u0131n ana ak\u0131m psikolojinin i\u00e7inde bir\u00e7ok dura\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Judith Herman2<\/a><\/sup>, \u00f6zellikle 3 ana duraktan bahseder. Bunlardan ilki 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda kad\u0131n bedeninde beliren belirtilerin \u201chisteri\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemdir. Daha \u00f6nceki metinlerimizi<\/a> okuyanlar, bu kad\u0131nlar\u0131n deneyimlerini tan\u0131lara s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma hikayesinin histeriyle ba\u015flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve daha da geriye gitti\u011fini hat\u0131rlayacakt\u0131r; ancak bu metinde psikolojinin bilim olarak s\u00f6z s\u00f6yledi\u011fi d\u00f6nemlerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yoruz. Bu d\u00f6nemde s\u00f6z konusu belirtiler, bireysel patoloji olarak ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f; \u015fiddet ve istismar deneyimleri sistematik bi\u00e7imde ink\u00e2r edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci \u00f6nemli durak, \u00f6zellikle Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra cepheden d\u00f6nen askerlerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ruhsal y\u0131k\u0131mla birlikte travman\u0131n ilk kez bir klinik mesele olarak ele al\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131r\u0131lma olmakla birlikte, travma sava\u015f deneyimleriyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc durak ise 1970\u2019lerde y\u00fckselen kad\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck hareketiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Feminist m\u00fccadele, travman\u0131n yaln\u0131zca sava\u015f alan\u0131nda de\u011fil; ev i\u00e7inde, \u00e7ocuklukta ve yak\u0131n ili\u015fkilerde de \u00fcretildi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cinsel istismar, aile i\u00e7i \u015fiddet ve \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 travmalar\u0131 bu sayede travma literat\u00fcr\u00fcne d\u00e2hil edilmi\u015ftir.Bu tarih bize \u015funu g\u00f6sterir: Travma politiktir.<\/strong> Neyin travma olarak tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, kimin ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hangi deneyimlerin \u201cola\u011fan\u201d say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 ili\u015fkileriyle belirlenir. Kutsal aile miti i\u00e7inde normalle\u015ftirilen \u015fiddet ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc, kad\u0131nlar ve \u00e7ocuklar \u00fczerinde s\u00fcre\u011fen bir travma \u00fcretir. Travmay\u0131 yaln\u0131zca bireysel bir ruhsal bozukluk olarak ele almak, bu yap\u0131sal \u015fiddeti g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez k\u0131lar. Oysa travmay\u0131 anlamak, ayn\u0131 zamanda onu \u00fcreten toplumsal d\u00fczenle y\u00fczle\u015fmeyi gerektirir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tam bu noktada, toplumun en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck birimi olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z aile kavram\u0131na bakmam\u0131z gerekiyor: Bizlere sevgi, ba\u011f, g\u00fcvenli alan olarak anlat\u0131lan fakat i\u00e7inde en \u00e7ok kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yere. Verilere bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda kad\u0131nlara y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddetin, en a\u011f\u0131r ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 travmatik deneyimin, kad\u0131n cinayetlerinin ve istismar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn aile i\u00e7inde ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla en yak\u0131n erkekler taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Yani, travmatik deneyim \u00e7o\u011fu zaman d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan de\u011fil; evin i\u00e7inden<\/a>, g\u00fcvenli olmas\u0131 beklenen yerden geliyor. Bu y\u00fczden, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu \u015fey, tekil bir travmatik deneyim de\u011fil; ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, y\u0131llara yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, g\u00fc\u00e7 e\u015fitsizli\u011fine dayal\u0131 bir ili\u015fki i\u00e7inde geli\u015fen kompleks travmalar olarak ele al\u0131nmak zorunda. Aile \u201ckutsal\u201d ve dokunulmaz ilan edildi\u011finde, \u00fcstelik  10 y\u0131l \u201cAile ve N\u00fcfus 10 y\u0131l\u0131\u201d s\u00f6ylemleriyle bu s\u00fcre\u011fen \u015fiddet normalle\u015ftiriliyor, ev i\u00e7inde ya\u015fanan deneyimler bireysel  bir ac\u0131ya indirgeniyor, travman\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 olan yap\u0131 sorgulanmadan kal\u0131yor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6te yandan, kapitalist toplumda \u201caile\u201d ayn\u0131 zamanda toplumsal yeniden \u00fcretimin sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer. Kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00fccretsiz bak\u0131m eme\u011finin normalle\u015fti\u011fi, toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin \u00f6\u011fretildi\u011fi, kimin itaat edece\u011fi, kimin s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn ge\u00e7ece\u011fi, kimin susaca\u011f\u0131 burada \u00f6\u011freniliyor. Otoriteyle ili\u015fki, hiyerar\u015fi, g\u00fc\u00e7 e\u015fitsizli\u011fi en uzun s\u00fcre ailede deneyimleniyor. Bu y\u00fczden aile, devletin ki\u015fiyle kurdu\u011fu ilk ve en uzun ili\u015fki alan\u0131 oluyor. Kompleks travma tam da b\u00f6yle bir zeminde ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Uzun s\u00fcreli, tekrar eden, ka\u00e7ma imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ili\u015fkiler i\u00e7inde, g\u00fc\u00e7 e\u015fitsizli\u011finin oldu\u011fu yerlerde. \u00c7ocuk i\u00e7in de, kad\u0131n i\u00e7in de aile \u00e7o\u011fu zaman ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmayan bir alan. \u015eiddet, ihmal, emek s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc s\u00fcreklilik kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu tekil bir olay olmuyor; ki\u015finin ruhunda yerle\u015fik, kronik bir yaraya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ktidar\u0131n \u201ckutsal aile\u201d s\u00f6ylemini bu kadar \u0131srarla kullanmas\u0131 tesad\u00fcf de\u011fil. Kutsal olan \u015fey sorgulanamaz. Ele\u015ftirilemez. Aile, kutsal ilan edildi\u011finde aile i\u00e7indeki \u015fiddet konu\u015fulsa bile sadece bireysel bir ac\u0131 olarak konu\u015fuluyor. Aile i\u00e7inde \u015fiddete\/istismara u\u011frayan kad\u0131n ya da \u00e7ocuk \u201cma\u011fdur\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ama bu ma\u011fduriyeti \u00fcreten yap\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez kal\u0131yor. Kad\u0131na \u201cdestek al\u201d, \u201cg\u00fc\u00e7len\u201d, \u201ciyile\u015f\u201d deniyor ama sunulan destek mekanizmalar\u0131 yeterli de\u011fil. Psikoterapi pahal\u0131 ve eri\u015filemez. \u015eON\u0130M\u2019ler ve kad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddetle m\u00fccadele eden kurumlar b\u00fct\u00e7e kesintileri ile kapat\u0131l\u0131yor ya da i\u015flevsizle\u015ftiriliyor. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u201ckutsal\u201d aileye, erkek egemenli\u011fine dokunulmuyor. \u015eiddetin \u00fcretildi\u011fi yap\u0131 korunurken, kad\u0131nlardan bu \u015fiddetle bireysel olarak ba\u015f etmeleri bekleniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn, iktidar kurmak istedi\u011fi rejimi aile \u00fczerinden in\u015fa ediyor. \u201cG\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Toplum, G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Aile\u201d sloganlar\u0131, uzun vadeli aile politikalar\u0131, do\u011furganl\u0131k te\u015fvikleri, kad\u0131nlar\u0131 g\u00fcvencesiz ve esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya iten d\u00fczenlemeler bunun par\u00e7as\u0131. Yoksulluk artarken kad\u0131nlardan daha \u00e7ok \u00e7ocuk yapmalar\u0131 bekleniyor. \u00c7ocuk eme\u011fi MESEM gibi projelerle normalle\u015ftiriliyor. \u00c7ocukluk ortadan kalk\u0131yor, i\u015f\u00e7ile\u015ftirme s\u00fcreci derinle\u015fiyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sistemin ucuz, itaatk\u00e2r bir i\u015f\u00e7i kitlesine ihtiyac\u0131 var. Bu ko\u015fullarda kompleks travma da normalle\u015ftiriliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Herman\u2019\u0131n da dedi\u011fi gibi \u201cTravma adalet ister.\u201d3<\/a><\/sup> Cezas\u0131z kalan \u015fiddet iyile\u015fmez, tekrar eder. Bu y\u00fczden yapmam\u0131z gereken bu sistemi anlamak, a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaralar\u0131 g\u00f6rmek, normalle\u015ftirmemek ve meseleyi bireysel olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p kolektif bir yere ta\u015f\u0131mak. Ancak o zaman hem m\u00fccadele edebilir hem de ger\u00e7ekten iyile\u015febiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n

  1. Yabanc\u0131la\u015fma \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  2. Judith Lewis Herman, Travma ve \u0130yile\u015fme, Literat\u00fcr Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 12. bask\u0131, Eyl\u00fcl 2016 \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  3. \u00a0a.g.e \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \ud83d\udcf7:ILCE-7M2 \/ csgorselarsiv.org Kompleks Travma ve Kutsal Aile Bu yaz\u0131 Psikososyal Komisyonumuzun \u0130stanbul\u2019da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cModern Psikolojiye Feminist Ele\u015ftiriler\u201d oturumlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc olan \u201cKompleks Travma ve Kutsal Aile\u201d konulu etkinli\u011finin de\u011ferlendirme yaz\u0131s\u0131 olarak kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve her oturumun konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zelinde yaz\u0131 dizisi olarak devam edecektir. Bu yaz\u0131da sosyal medyada, televizyonlarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla duydu\u011fumuz; belki \u00e7ok rahat\u00e7a kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":10566,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_eb_attr":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"[{\"content\":\"Yabanc\u0131la\u015fma\",\"id\":\"78859fa3-a0d7-43c4-83f4-71d94416ee83\"},{\"content\":\"Judith Lewis Herman, Travma ve \u0130yile\u015fme, Literat\u00fcr Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 12. bask\u0131, Eyl\u00fcl 2016\",\"id\":\"1d033684-ee8c-4a3f-bc04-fa33a46cc76d\"},{\"content\":\"\u00a0a.g.e\",\"id\":\"a6cb9138-4d6b-4ab5-8957-24cead7a76be\"}]"},"categories":[1247],"tags":[1475,1211,1474],"ppma_author":[1521],"class_list":["post-10564","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psikososyal","tag-feminist-psikoloji","tag-kutsal-aile","tag-modern-psikoloji","author-psikososyal-destek-komisyonu"],"authors":[{"term_id":1521,"user_id":0,"is_guest":1,"slug":"psikososyal-destek-komisyonu","display_name":"Psikososyal Destek Komisyonu","avatar_url":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/23494c9101089ad44ae88ce9d2f56aac.jpg?ver=1784192493","author_category":"","first_name":"","last_name":"","user_url":"","job_title":"","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10564","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10564"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10564\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10779,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10564\/revisions\/10779"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10566"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10564"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10564"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10564"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mordayanisma.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=10564"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}